Santorum: Concerns about "emotions" if women on front lines - CBS News

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By Lucy Madison Topics Campaign 2012 Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum.

(Credit: AP Photo/Jeff Roberson) After the Pentagon announced Thursday its decision to allow women in the military to serve in critical roles closer to the front lines of combat, Republican presidential candidate Rick Santorum expressed "concerns" about this prospect of women serving in combat roles - due to the "other types of emotions that are involved."

"I want to create every opportunity for women to be able to serve this country" Santorum said in an interview with CNN.

But, he said, "I do have concerns about women in front line combat. I think that could be a very compromising situation where - where people naturally, you know, may do things that may not be in the interests of the mission because of other types of emotions that are involved."

Santorum went on to say that while "probably, you know, it already happens, of course," due to the "camaraderie of men in combat."

But he said that if women were also serving on the front lines, "it would be even more unique."

"And I think that's probably not in the best interests of men, women or the mission."

In an interview with NBC's "Today" show on Friday, Santorum clarified the remarks, noting that he's not concerned with women being emotional -- but rather that their presence on the field could impact men's decisions in battle.

"When you have men and women together in combat, I think there's, men have emotions when you see a woman in harm's way. I think it's something that's natural. That's very much in our culture, to be protective," he said. "That was my concern. I think that's a concern with all of the militaries."

According to the new Pentagon guidelines, women can be permanently assigned to battalions in roles such as medics, radio operators, intelligence officers, or communications officers. In practice, women have already been serving in these roles in temporary positions, but the new rule formalizes this practice, effectively opening up about 14,000 jobs.

Still, women may not yet serve in combat roles on the front lines. The new rules maintain a ban on women serving in infantry roles, as well as in combat tank units and in special operations commando units.

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Greeks strike against austerity before crucial vote - Reuters

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1 of 8. Riot police grapple with a demonstrator during protests against planned reforms by Greece's coalition government in Athens, February 10, 2012.

Credit: Reuters/Yiorgos Karahalis

By Karolina Tagaris and Harry Papachristou

ATHENS | Fri Feb 10, 2012 10:52am EST

ATHENS (Reuters) - Striking Greek workers denounced a new wave of austerity on Friday as an imposition too far by Europe and the IMF. Finance Minister Evangelos Venizelos told the nation it faced a stark choice between sacrifices inside the euro area and bigger sacrifices outside.

Police fired teargas at black-masked protesters who threw petrol bombs, stones and bottles in central Athens at the start of a 48-hour general strike against planned pay and job cuts. But street protests were relatively small and mostly peaceful.

The biggest police trade union said it would issue arrest warrants for Greece's international lenders for subverting democracy, and refused to "fight against our brothers." A daily newspaper depicted German Chancellor Angela Merkel in a Nazi uniform with a swastika armband.

As public rage simmered, the leader of the far-right LAOS movement, the smallest of three parties backing Prime Minister Lucas Papademos, said he would not vote for the harsh austerity program in a crucial parliament vote due on Sunday or Monday.

"Greeks cannot be hostages and serfs," LAOS leader George Karatzaferis told a news conference. "We were robbed of our dignity, we were humiliated. I can't take this. I won't allow it, no matter how hungry I am.

"Germany decides for Europe because it has a fat wallet and with that fat wallet it rules over the lives of all the southern countries."

His party has 15 deputies in the 300-seat parliament, dominated by the socialist PASOK and conservative New Democracy parties, which both support the Papademos government.

LAOS' four ministers tendered their resignation, but Karatzaferis rejected calls for an early general election and suggested the prime minister appoint more technocrats instead.

Venizelos made clear Greece has little choice but to accept the harsh conditions attached to a 130 billion euro bailout, and a plan to halve its huge debt to private bondholders, to avoid a chaotic default when big bond repayments come due next month.

"It's time for us to make up our minds," he said after euro zone finance ministers refused to give immediate approval to the bailout plan. "Unfortunately, we have to choose between sacrifices and even bigger sacrifices."

The European Union and IMF have been exasperated by a series of broken promises and weeks of disagreement over the terms of the bailout, which would be Greece's second since 2010, with time running out to avoid a default.

The ministers gave Athens six days to prove its commitment by passing key legislation, finding an extra 325 million euros in savings, and providing assurances that the program will remain in force after any election.

Summing up their deep mistrust, Jean-Claude Juncker, chairman of euro zone finance ministers, said: "In short, no disbursement before implementation."

The euro and European shares fell, reflecting concern that the Greek bailout and debt swap could fail.

"RESIST!"

The austerity plan includes lowering the minimum wage by 22 percent, axing 150,000 public sector jobs and reducing pensions.

Some protesters compared Greece's plight, facing bankruptcy unless it accedes to the demands of international lenders, to its seven years under military dictatorship.

On Syntagma Square in central Athens, songs from the struggle in the 1960s and 1970 against a junta of colonels boomed out over loudspeakers.

Police said three policemen and two protesters were slightly injured in clashes. Five people were detained.

With Greece probably at its lowest ebb since the junta was overthrown in 1974 and democracy restored, protesters denounced the "troika" of lenders - the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund.

"Do not bow your heads! Resist!" They chanted. "No to layoffs! No to salary cuts! No to pension cuts!

Even the police, who have repeatedly clashed with protesters since the crisis broke out more than two years ago, announced resistance to the creditors' demands.

"As we can see you are continuing this destructive policy, so we warn you that you cannot make us fight against our brothers," the Greek Police Federation said in an open letter to the troika.

"We warn you that as legal representatives of the Greek police, we will issue arrest warrants for a series of legal violations ... such as blackmail, covert abolition or erosion of democracy and national sovereignty."

Papademos announced on Thursday that the three parties in his coalition government had agreed to the austerity and reform package.

However, Venizelos failed to persuade his euro zone peers to approve immediately the deal and an accompanying bond swap, which will cut the value of the debt held by Greece's private creditors by about 70 percent.

A FINAL CHOICE

The finance minister made clear that the fate of the package and the PSI (Private Sector Involvement) bond swap depended on what Greece decided in the next few days.

"Until the next Eurogroup which will most likely convene on Wednesday, our country, our people should think and make a final strategic choice," he said.

"If we see the future of our country within euro zone, within Europe, we should do what we have to do for the program to be approved and for the PSI to be concluded on time before major bonds expire in March."

Resistance is growing among nervous lawmakers who must face the electorate shortly.

The socialist deputy labor minister resigned in protest on Thursday while about 35 socialist deputies called for measures to ease the effects of the new austerity.

According to Athens News Agency, socialist lawmaker Pavlos Stasinos resigned on Friday and news websites reported that another deputy was threatening to quit. However, only mass defections would sink the package in parliament.

"There will most likely be a string of defections and abstentions but I don't believe that the measures will fall short of the majority required," political analyst George Sefertzis told Reuters. "Voting for them will be painful for MPs, but assuming responsibility for a bankruptcy would be as onerous, if not more so."

In Friday's strike, ships were stuck in Piraeus port and public transport halted but flights were not affected. Hospital doctors and bank employees also walked off the job.

"The measures included in the new memorandum and which the three political leaders agreed with the government and the troika are the 'tombstone' of the Greek society," civil service union ADEDY said. "It's time for the people to speak up."

ADEDY and its private sector sister GSEE represent about two million workers, or roughly half the country's workforce.

(Additional reporting by Angeliki Koutantou and Tatiana Fragou in Athens, Stephen Brown in Berlin; Writing by Ingrid Melander/David Stamp/Paul Taylor; editing by Janet McBride)

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3 dead, 2 critically injured after hostage standoff in Florida - CBS News

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By Crimesider Staff Topics Daily Blotter SWAT Teams swarmed the neighborhood Thursday night after a man took hostages into his mobile home.

(Credit: CBS Miami) (CBS/AP) DEERFIELD BEACH, Fla. - Police say three people are dead and two critically injured after a hostage standoff at a Florida recreational vehicle park.

The standoff began at Highland Woods RV Park Thursday evening and ended early Friday. Two men and one 9-year-old boy are dead while ?a woman and a 7-year-old boy were badly hurt.

The Palm Beach Post reports that according to the Broward Sheriff's Office, the ordeal began around 6:30 p.m. when police received an emergency call about a shooting at the park.

Deputies arrived on the scene and saw man on the ground outside a recreational vehicle. Inside the RV, a man told police he was holding a woman hostage and would kill her if they approached. SWAT Teams and other emergency responders began to swarm the area.

Authorities were unable to persuade the man making threats to release the hostage and surrender. Eventually, SWAT paramedics were able to get to the body outside the RV but he was already dead. According to investigators, the man found outside the RV and the man holding hostages did not know each other.

Around 7:30 p.m., a woman emerged from the RV. She reportedly told detectives that the suspect's wife and two sons were inside with him.

For the next several hours, SWAT Team members tried to make contact with the suspect but were unsuccessful.

Finally, around 1:30 a.m. Friday, the BSO SWAT Team entered the RV. Inside, they found the suspect and a 9-year-old boy dead. The badly hurt woman and 7-year-old boy were taken to area hospitals and are now in critical condition. The nature of their injures remains unknown.

Police have not released the identities of any of the victims or the suspect. Law enforcement officials are still searching for a motive as to what spurred the incident.

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Ship Noise Boosts Stress in Whales - Discovery News

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Weeks before the 9/11 attacks, whale poop revealed high levels of stress hormones. Following the attacks, levels of the stress levels dropped. Constant elevations of the stress hormone can lead to stunted growth and a weakened immune system.

The steady drone of motors along busy commercial shipping lanes not only alters whale behavior but can affect the giant sea mammals physically by causing chronic stress, a study published Wednesday has reported for the first time.

The findings were made possible, researchers said, by an event that at first glance seems far removed from the plight of cetaceans: the attacks on New York's Twin Towers on September 11, 2001.

Only a catastrophe of that magnitude, they explained, could have caused maritime traffic to suddenly drop off, making it possible to measure the impact of varying levels of sound pollution in the sea.

NEWS: Do Dolphins Sleep Talk in Whale?

Over the last 50 years noise caused by cargo and military vessels, along with high-decibel sonars used for oil exploration, has gradually increased in intensity and scope.

Baleen whales communicate at the same low-frequency wavelengths emitted by these ships, in the range of 20 to 200 hertz (Hz), and some species have adapted by emitting louder and more frequent acoustic signals.

Only weeks before the 9/11 attack, scientists led by Rosalind Rolland of the New England Aquarium had undertaken a study of North Atlantic right whales that congregate in late summer in Canada's Bay of Fundy to feed and nurse their calves.

Starting in July 2001, the researchers used trained dogs to find whale fecal matter floating on the surface of the water. They collected samples over a six-week period every year through 2005.

The whale poop contained hormone-related chemicals, called glucocorticoids, mirroring stress levels that could change from one day to the next, or even within hours.

When the researchers noticed the drop in underwater noise levels, they realized it would be an opportunity to investigate whether sound pollution was a cause of stress for right whales.

NEWS: Will 2012 Be the Year of the Whale?

They found that changes in the concentration of the hormone matched perfectly the sudden drop and gradual renewal of maritime traffic in the area.

"To our knowledge, there were no other factors affecting the population that could explain this difference besides the decrease in ship traffic," concluded the study, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

Glucocorticoids are secreted in a crisis: aggression by a predator or competitor, starvation, drought. In the short run, this rush of hormones helps animals cope by summoning reserves of energy.

But over the long haul, constant elevations of the hormone due to stressful situations becomes a detriment, leading to stunted growth, a weakened immune system and a compromised ability to reproduce.

Studies of land animals have shown that this kind of chronic stress can be caused by noise from snowmobiles, along with tourism or road traffic.

Because they live, feed and breed so close to shore, critically endangered North Atlantic whales are already threatened by ship collisions and fishing gear entanglements, two leading causes of death among large cetaceans.

"Acoustic pollution from anthropogenic sources presents a less visible but pervasive disturbance to these coastal-dwelling whales that may have negative consequences for population viability," the study concludes.

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Fox News Poll: Santorum surges nationally after three-state sweep - Fox News

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Rick Santorum has surged nationally in the race for the 2012 Republican nomination after his three-state sweep this week, while Mitt Romney has lost ground among GOP primary voters. In addition, most GOP voters say the nomination race isn’t over -- someone other than Romney could still win. That’s according to a Fox News poll released Friday.

The new poll was conducted over four nights this week -- Monday through Thursday -- so it provides a unique opportunity to compare Santorum’s support before and after his wins in Colorado, Minnesota and Missouri. And the results are striking.

Click here to view full Fox News poll results.?

In interviews conducted on Monday and Tuesday nights -- immediately before the news of his victories -- Santorum received the backing of 17 percent of GOP primary voters. That was well behind Romney (35 percent) and Newt Gingrich (26 percent), and slightly ahead of Ron Paul (14 percent).

In interviews conducted on Wednesday and Thursday nights -- after his wins -- Santorum’s support nearly doubled, which put him tied at the top with Romney for those two days at 30 percent. That’s an increase of 13 percentage points. Over the last two nights, Romney also received 30 percent, a drop of 5 points. Gingrich came in at 16 percent, down 10 points. Paul’s support held steady at 15 percent.

Looking at the results from all four nights of this week’s interviewing, Romney retains his frontrunner spot with 33 percent, followed by Santorum at 23 percent, Gingrich at 22 percent and Paul at 15 percent.

The previous Fox News poll was conducted in mid-January, and since then Rick Perry and Jon Huntsman dropped out of the race. Romney’s support is down 7 percentage points since the January poll, while Santorum is up 8 points, Gingrich is up 8 points and Paul is up 2 points.

For the four nights of polling, voters who are part of the Tea Party movement back Gingrich (34 percent) over Santorum (28 percent) and Romney (25 percent). Paul receives the support of 9 percent of Tea Partiers. White evangelical Christians break for Santorum (31 percent) over Romney (24 percent) and Gingrich (23 percent).

Most GOP primary voters -- 80 percent -- think someone other than frequent frontrunner Romney could still win the Republican nomination, and over half say it’s too soon for any of the current contenders to drop out (54 percent). Moreover, nearly half would still like to see someone else jump in the race (49 percent).

Forty-eight percent of GOP primary voters are satisfied with their field of candidates. That’s far fewer than the 81 percent of Democratic voters who are happy with Barack Obama as their nominee.

Romney (32 percent) and Gingrich (25 percent) are most likely to be seen as the Republicans who make the “best case” against Obama. Santorum (13 percent) and Paul (11 percent) trail on this measure.

Santorum (36 percent) is seen by GOP primary voters as the candidate most “in touch” with everyday Americans. That’s more than twice as many as any other Republican contender: Paul (16 percent), Romney (16 percent) and Gingrich (12 percent). Eight percent say none of the Republican candidates are in touch with voters.

The poll asked GOP primary voters about their conversations with friends and neighbors and the “first thing” that comes up about the candidates. For Romney, it’s that “he’s extremely wealthy” (21 percent), followed by his business background (14 percent), and that he’s a “flip-flopper” (13 percent). Fewer say it’s that he’s Mormon (11 percent) or that he’s the most electable (11 percent).

When talking about Gingrich, the first thing that comes up in conversation is that he’s been married multiple times (17 percent), that “he has big, sometimes unrealistic ideas” (14 percent), and he was speaker of the House (14 percent). Smaller percentages say the first thing is Gingrich’s consulting work for Fannie & Freddie (9 percent) or his debate skills (9 percent).

By a 50-35 percent margin, voters overall say a Washington outsider could do a better job than an insider of making things work in Washington. Among Republican primary voters, the preference for an outsider is even greater -- 59-28 percent.

GOP primary voters are about ten times more likely to describe former Speaker Gingrich as a Washington insider than any of the other Republican contenders. And who is seen as a political outsider? Some 25 percent say Romney and 14 percent say Santorum. Topping the outsider list is Paul -- who has served for more than two decades in Congress -- at 30 percent.

The Fox News poll is based on landline and cell phone interviews with 1,110 randomly-chosen registered voters nationwide and was conducted under the joint direction of Anderson Robbins Research (D) and Shaw & Company Research (R) from February 6 to February 9. For the total sample, it has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3 percentage points. For the subgroup of 407 GOP primary voters (242 interviews were conducted in the first two nights of interviewing and 165 were conducted the second two nights) it is plus or minus 5 percentage points.

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Scientists reach underground lake that could "transform the way we think about ... - Telegraph.co.uk

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The vast depths of Lake Vostok could hold life from the distant past, or clues to the search for life on other planets. Scientists have described reaching the lake as "a meeting with the unknown".

"In the simplest sense, it can transform the way we think about life," Nasa's chief scientist Waleed Abdalati told The Associated Press by email.

As such, researchers have been wildly anticipating the break-through for years.

There are hopes it will allow a glimpse into microbial life forms that existed before the Ice Age, or precious evidence of what conditions must be like on the ice-crust moons of Jupiter and Saturn, or under Mars' polar ice caps - and whether life could survive there.

Valery Lukin, the head of Russia's Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) in charge of the mission, said Wednesday that his team reached the lake's surface Sunday.

"There is no other place on Earth that has been in isolation for more than 20 million years," Lev Savatyugin, a researcher with the AARI who was involved in preparing the mission, told The Associated Press.

"It's a meeting with the unknown."

Savatyugin said that scientists hope to find primeval bacteria that could expand the human knowledge of the origins of life.

"We need to see what we have here before we send missions to ice-crust moons, like Jupiter's moon Europa," he said.

The project, however, has drawn strong fears that 60 metric tons (66 tons) of lubricants and antifreeze used in the drilling may contaminate the pristine lake, which is roughly the size of Lake Ontario in Canada.

The Russian researchers have insisted that the bore would only slightly touch the lake's surface and a surge in pressure will send the water rushing up the shaft where it will freeze, immediately sealing out the toxic chemicals.

Lukin said in a statement that about 1.5 cubic metres of kerosene and freon poured into tanks on the surface from the boreshaft, proof that the lake water streamed from beneath, froze, and blocked the hole.

The scientists will later remove the frozen sample for analysis in December when the next Antarctic summer comes.

Lake Vostok, about 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) beneath the surface, is the largest in a web of nearly 400 known subglacial lakes in Antarctica.

Scientists in other nations hope to follow up with similar projects.

Researchers believe that microbial life may exist in the dark depths of the lake despite high pressure and constant cold - conditions similar to those expected to be found under ice crust on Mars, Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's move Enceladus.

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Next Supercontinent Will Form in Arctic, Geologists Say - New York Times

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In the past, researchers had guessed that the new continent, often called Amasia, would form either in the same location as Pangea, closing over the Atlantic near present-day Africa,?or 180 degrees away, on the other side of the world.

But a new study predicts that Amasia will form over the Arctic Ocean.

“The fusion of North and South America together will close the Caribbean Sea and meet Eurasia at the present-day North Pole,” said Ross Nelson Mitchell, a geologist at Yale University, who worked on the study as part of his doctoral research.

“And Australia is moving north, and would probably snuggle to join Asia somewhere between India and Japan,” he added.

Mr. Mitchell and colleagues from Yale, who discuss their theory in the current issue of the journal Nature, modeled the movement of supercontinents of the past using paleomagnetic data, a measurement of the force between the earth’s rocks.

Once each supercontinent is assembled, it undergoes back-and-forth rotations about a stable axis on the Equator, Mr. Mitchell said. This motion is called true polar wander. Using this, the researchers determined the center of each of the previous supercontinents — Pangea (often spelled Pangaea), Rodinia and Nuna.

There was a clear pattern. In each case, the centers of the supercontinents were separated by 90 degrees.

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Using Heat to Record Information Could Improve Data Storage Speed a Hundred-Fold - Popular Science

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Heat-Based Magnetic Switching The laser pulse temporarily aligns the two ferrimagnetic materials (the red and blue in this image) while powered on, and then the materials revert once it's off. Richard Evans, University of York

An international team of researchers claims to have figured out a way to use ultrafast bursts of heat, rather than the typical magnetic field, to record a bit of information on a hard drive--a development they say could vastly increase the efficiency and speed of hard drives. They say it could record multiple terabytes per second, hundreds of times faster than current methods.

Typical magnetic recording technology for hard drives uses an external magnetic field to invert the poles of a magnet. The speed of the recording depends on the strength of the magnetic field. But the physicists, led by a team at the University of York, says they have figured out a way to use heat rather than a magnetic field to cause the same effect.

The heat in question is a simple ultrafast heat pulse, beamed with a laser. At only 60 femtoseconds, it's exceedingly brief, but manages to provoke a ferromagnetic state in certain materials.

It's very interesting on a theoretical level; this is a change in how we thought data storage worked in pretty basic ways. But given the growing prominence of solid-state storage--which is not magnetic, and can theoretically perform these operations far faster than a magnetic hard drive--we're not sure this is really going to catch on. Still, interesting stuff.

The article appears in the journal Nature Communications.

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Samuel Aranda wins World Press Photo - The Independent

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The photojournalist, who is represented by Corbis, snapped the picture during an assignment for The New York Times. Aranda will officially receive the 55th annual award at a ceremony in Amsterdam in April and will also gain a €10,000 cash prize and Canon EOS Digital SLR Camera.

Aranda’s work was singled out from among 101,254 submissions to the contest from 5,247 photographers from 124 countries around the world. Between 28 January and yesterday, 19 internationally recognised professionals were sifting through the entries to find the overall 2011 winner and winners across a variety of categories, such as general news, sport, people and portrait.

Last year the overall prize was won by South African photographer Jodi Bieber.

Click here or on “View Gallery” to see some of the winners and runners up in pictures

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Obama to change birth control rule - USA TODAY

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President Obama will announce a plan today that attempts to accommodate religious employers opposed to a rule that would require them to provide access to birth control for women free of charge.

Senior administration officials who spoke on background until Obama announces the change said in cases where employers have religious objections, their insurance companies will be required to reach out to employees and offer the coverage directly.

The administration announced last month that religious-affiliated employers had to cover birth control as preventive care for women. Churches and houses of worship were exempt, but all other affiliated organizations were ordered to comply by August 2013.

The White House received backlash to the measure from Catholic clergy as well as Republican leaders this week.

A senior administration source, who asked for anonymity because the president has yet to make an announcement on the decision, bristled at the suggestion that the new plan was a compromise.

"We're sticking to principle in terms of guaranteeing free contraceptive coverage for women," said the official.

In a memo to reporters Friday morning, the Republican National Committee said Obama is trying to "ride the fence" on the issue.

"It's a dangerous game when dealing with a fundamental American right protected by the Constitution such as religious freedom," the RNC said in the memo.

House Speaker John Boehner this week called the mandate "an unambiguous attack on religious freedom" in a rare House floor speech and vowed legislative action to reverse it.

"If the president does not reverse the attack on religious freedom, then the Congress, acting on behalf of the American people and the Constitution we are sworn to uphold and defend, must," Boehner said. "This attack by the federal government on religious freedom in our country must not stand and will not stand."

Republican leaders have been joined by a few Democrats -- such as Sens. Robert Casey of Pennsylvania and Joe Manchin of West Virginia and House Democratic Caucus Chairman John Larson of Connecticut -- in calling for changes in the policy. Vice President Biden vowed in Ohio Thursday that a solution would be forthcoming.

The White House has pointed to 28 states with similar laws, including eight without the religious exemption contained in the federal rule, as proof that requiring free access to contraceptives is workable.

The rule goes into effect Aug. 1, but if objections are raised, another year's extension is possible.

That's been no consolation to Catholic leaders. The White House is "all talk, no action" on moving toward compromise, said Anthony Picarello, general counsel for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.

"There has been a lot of talk in the last couple days about compromise, but it sounds to us like a way to turn down the heat, to placate people without doing anything in particular," Picarello said this week. "We're not going to do anything until this is fixed."

That means removing the provision from the health care law altogether, he said, not simply changing it for Catholic employers and their insurers. He cited the problem that would create for "good Catholic business people who can't in good conscience cooperate with this."

"If I quit this job and opened a Taco Bell, I'd be covered by the mandate," Picarello said.

Senate Democrats who met with Obama on Wednesday came away convinced he would not back down on requiring some form of access for all women, regardless of where they work.

"We support the right of women in this country to have access to birth control through their insurance policies, and anybody who stands in the way is going to have to deal with us and our friends," said Sen. Barbara Boxer, D-Calif., flanked by four colleagues. Boxer said she had spoken to Obama adviser David Axelrod, who assured her that the administration would not weaken its position.

More than 600 physicians and medical students from 49 states signed a letter to Obama and Sebelius on Wednesday, urging them to stand firm in defense of the rule. They said millions of women rely on birth control pills for other medical conditions.

Roman Catholic leaders showed no sign of backing down, either.

"There's no room for compromise on this. The mandate has to go," said John Allen, senior correspondent for the National Catholic Reporter and author of numerous books on the Catholic church. "There's not much room for a conversation here."

Contributing: Richard Wolf

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Breathtaking Carina nebula photo provides window into star nursery - Christian Science Monitor

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The most detailed image yet of the well-known Carina nebula has been caught by a European telescope, unveiling previously hidden features of an exquisite star nursery.

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The European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT) spied the cosmic landscape of gas, dust and young stars in the?majestic Carina nebula, which is located about 7,500 light-years away from Earth. The lively star nursery lies deep in the heart of the southern Milky Way, in the constellation of Carina (The Keel).

The dynamic star formation that takes place in the Carina nebula gives astronomers an intriguing laboratory to study the birth and early lives of massive stars.

The Carina nebula has been the centerpiece of?iconic space images?in the past, but many of these photos were taken in visible and submillimeter ranges of the light spectrum.

By harnessing the infrared-seeking capability of the VLT and the infrared HAWK-I camera, a team of European astronomers led by Thomas Preibisch, of the University Observatory in Munich, Germany, peered behind the thick clouds of dust to reveal the Carina nebula's hidden secrets. [New photo and video of the Carina nebula]

In the new image, Eta Carinae appears at the lower left, surrounded by clouds of gas that are glowing under the intense ultraviolet radiation from the newborn stars. The various dark pockets spread across the stellar landscape remain opaque even in infrared wavelengths, but they are dusty incubators from which new stars are forming, ESO officials said.

The cloud of glowing gas and dust is the birthplace of many massive young stars, and the nebula is home to several of the brightest and most massive known stars. One of these stellar giants is Eta Carinae, which is a mysterious and highly unstable star, according to ESO officials. Eta Carinae was the second brightest star in the night sky for several years in the 1840s, and astronomers think it will likely destruct in a?violent supernova explosion?within a relatively short time.

The bright star grouping close to the center of the picture is a cluster of stars called Trumpler 14. Over the last few million years, this region of the sky has formed large numbers of individual stars and star clusters, according to ESO officials.

The Trumpler 14 cluster can be easily spotted in visible light images, but in this infrared view, many fainter stars can also be detected. Toward the left side of the image, a small concentration of yellowish stars can be seen. This stellar grouping, which cannot be seen in visible light, was spotted for the first time in the new data from the VLT, ESO officials said.

This new panorama of the Carina nebula has been stitched together from hundreds of individual images, creating the most detailed infrared mosaic of the nebula ever taken, ESO officials said in a statement. The VLT's view not only highlights the bright, massive stars, but also hundreds of thousands of fainter stars that were previously masked by the thick veils of dust.

Follow SPACE.com for the latest in space science and exploration news on Twitter?@Spacedotcom?and on?Facebook.

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SpaceX launch will be a key test for NASA - USA TODAY

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Correction: An earlier version of this story referenced a previous administration.

John Raoux, AP

The SpaceX Falcon 9 test rocket lifts off at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station carrying a mock-up of the company's Dragon spacecraft in June 2010.

John Raoux, AP

The SpaceX Falcon 9 test rocket lifts off at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station carrying a mock-up of the company's Dragon spacecraft in June 2010.

WASHINGTON —NASA controllers and curious spectators won't be the only ones watching the upcoming launch of the first commercial vehicle to the International Space Station.

Lawmakers, administration officials and other policy makers with a role in deciding NASA spending will be watching as well.

The launch of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft from Cape Canaveral, now scheduled for April, is billed as a demonstration mission to show the world a private company can safely deliver cargo to the space station.

But the launch also can be seen as a test of whether it was a good idea to retire the shuttle and have the private sector take over the job of carrying crew and cargo to the space station. SpaceX is one of four companies receiving government funding to develop the new spacecraft.

John Logsdon, founder and former director of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University, calls the launch "a really high-stakes event … symbolic of a new way of doing business in space."

"It's very important," agreed Texas Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison, top Republican on the Senate science committee, which oversees NASA. "Every step that's taken toward fulfilling the role (private companies) have been given by the administration is important."

Hutchison speaks for congressional lawmakers who believe the Obama administration has been, in her words, "way too aggressive in turning over everything to the private sector and basically dismantling the expertise that we have built through all the years at NASA."

SpaceX initially planned the launch — with no crew on board — for February 7, but pushed back the date to at least April while it conducts additional tests.

Recent missteps by Russia's space agency, which now provides rides to U.S. astronauts, add to the pressure to speed development by American companies. NASA announced Thursday that Russia's March 30 launch to bring crew to the space station has been delayed until May 15 because a descent capsule was damaged during a test.

Democratic Sen. Bill Nelson of Florida said such delays are a routine — and necessary — part of a successful mission.

"When you're dealing with human spaceflight, you have to make it right, and this is the predecessor to the human space flight," said Nelson, who rode the shuttle and is hoping to attend the SpaceX launch at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. "NASA has always taken the approach that you walk before you run."

The Obama administration has a lot riding on the launch's success and on the progress other private space companies are reporting as part of the shuttle replacement program known as the Commercial Crew program.

Last year, the president proposed spending $850 million on the program in the current fiscal year, which began Oct. 1. Congress approved $406 million.

As part of its fiscal 2013 budget proposal due out Feb. 13, the administration is expected to ask for more money for the commercial crew program than it's getting from Congress this year.

NASA officials say that level of funding forces the U.S. to continue relying chiefly on Russia to transport astronauts to the space station beyond 2016. Under the current contract, each round trip costs American taxpayers about $60 million.

Hard feelings have developed between some lawmakers and NASA over the Commercial Crew program. Hutchison and Sen. Jay Rockefeller, the West Virginia Democrat who chairs the Senate Commerce Committee, threatened to subpoena records from NASA in June because they didn't believe the agency was providing straight and timely answers about the program.

A successful launch of the SpaceX rocket and spacecraft could ease some of the angst on Capitol Hill.

"This test launch will be an important milestone in developing commercial cargo capabilities to support the International Space Station while in-sourcing this work to American companies," NASA spokesman David Weaver said. "Every test of this nature builds knowledge and gets us closer to the day when we can count on U.S. providers to reliably carry cargo and crews into space, freeing up NASA to focus on deep space exploration."

Despite the launch delay, SpaceX had some good news to share this week. The company, headquartered in Hawthorne, Ca., reported successfully test-firing its new SuperDraco engine essential to the escape system necessary for the mission to the space station.

With the shuttle in mothballs, it may be too late to change course anyway, said Logsdon. It's an opinion shared by Howard E. McCurdy, a space policy expert at American University in Washington.

"The government is deeply committed to the commercial approach," McCurdy said in an email. "Turning in a different direction would be very difficult at this point."

McCurdy hopes Congress and the White House are patient with the Commercial Crew program and recognize that it represents a fundamental break from the old ways of sending people and supplies into space.

When NASA provided the only U.S. human flight carrier, the government spent billions to avoid failure, he said. Now that it's largely in private hands, firms such as SpaceX will provide a service that's sure to experience some misfires but also to enjoy profound successes because of the competition.

SpaceX, which has a $1.6 billion contract to fly cargo to the space station, isn't the only company in the mix.

Orbital Sciences Corp., which has the only other commercial crew contract ($1.9 billion, eight flights), plans a test launch of its Antares (formerly Taurus II) rocket fairly soon, to be followed by a demonstration flight of its Cygnus cargo spacecraft to the station.

Nelson said it's important to note that even with these private ventures, NASA maintains a strong hand on the rudder and won't take shortcuts.

"NASA has a very good record to make sure things are right before they launch," Nelson said. "And the two times on the space shuttle program that they neglected it, we had catastrophe."

—

Contributing: James Dean, Florida Today

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Cancer Claims cinq fois la navette astronaute - Discovery News

Ancien astronaute Janice Voss, une des six femmes de faire cinq incursions dans l'espace, est décédé lundi à Scottsdale, en Arizona, où elle a été traitée pour le cancer du sein, alma mater Purdue University des Voss a signalé mardi.

Elle a été de 55.

Entre 1993 et 2000 Voss a effectué cinq missions de la navette spatiale et servit deux fois comme commandant de charge utile. En tout, Voss a accumulé 49 jours en orbite.

? Comme commandant de la charge de deux missions de la navette spatiale, Janice était responsable de l'ouvrant la voie à des expériences que nous effectuons aujourd'hui sur une base quotidienne sur la Station spatiale internationale, ? chef astronaute Peggy Whitson, a déclaré dans un communiqué.

Voss a commencé à travailler à la NASA en 1973 alors qu'elle était encore un étudiant en ingénierie à Purdue. Elle retourne en 1977 pour travailler à titre d'instructeur, enseignement de la navigation et guidage d'entrée aux équipages de la navette spatiale.

Après avoir terminé son doctorat à l'Institut de technologie du Massachusetts en 1987, elle a travaillé au sein de l'industrie aérospatiale jusqu'à ce qu'elle a été sélectionnée comme astronaute en 1990.

De 2004 à 2007, Voss a été le directeur scientifique de la sonde Kepler de la NASA Ames Research Center à Mountain View. Voss fut plus récemment le plomb de charges utiles de la Direction générale de la station spatiale par le Bureau des astronautes.

? Même plus de cotisations professionnelles de Janice, nous manquera son attitude positive sur le monde et sa détermination à faire tout ce qui est mieux, ? a déclaré Whitson.

Image : Janice Voss pour la dernière volé dans l'espace en février 2000, quand elle a servi comme commandant de charge utile à bord de la navette Endeavour pour une mission de cartographie radar de 11 jours. Crédit : NASA.

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A Giant Crocodile Roamed With Dinosaurs - New York Times

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The reptile, which researchers are calling Shieldcroc, lived about 95 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period.

A partial specimen suggests its skull was five feet long, said Casey M. Holliday, a paleontologist at the University of Missouri who led the study.

“An animal with a head that big,” he said, “is looking at a body 25 to 35 feet.” Today’s crocodiles are much smaller, seldom exceeding 20 feet.

Blood-vessel scars on the fossilized skull suggest the presence of a large shield on the crocodile’s forehead.

“It was a thickened skull spot, to signal to mates or target adversaries,” Dr. Holliday said. The findings, by Dr. Holliday and Nick Gardner, an undergraduate at Marshall University, in Huntington, W. Va., are reported in the journal PLoS One.

The fossil was originally uncovered in Morocco, and then sold to the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, where the skull will be put on display this year.

Shieldcroc is the earliest African ancestor of the modern crocodile, Dr. Holliday said.

During the Cretaceous, many more species of crocodiles existed than do today, he said, adding that discovering ancient species may help explain why some went extinct while others survived.

“We’re finding that not only were crocodiles living in the water, but they were living on land and not only chasing animals, but also eating plants,” Dr. Holliday said. “Crocodiles were operating a whole suite of niches that they don’t know today.”

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NASA calls for new taxis to fly to Space Station - Reuters

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* U.S. looking for firms to design orbital passenger spaceships

* Would break Russia monopoly on flying crews to space station

By Irene Klotz

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla., Feb 7 (Reuters) - NASA is looking for at least two U.S. firms to design and build space taxis to ferry astronauts to and from the International Space Station, program managers said on Tuesday.

NASA plans to invest $300 million to $500 million in each of the firms selected under new 21-month partnership agreements, Ed Mango, manager of NASA's Commercial Crew program, said at an industry briefing at the Kennedy Space Center prior to the release of a solicitation on Tuesday.

The new program aims to build upon previous NASA investments in companies designing commercial passenger spaceships.

With the retirement of the U.S. space shuttles last year, Russia has a monopoly on flying crews to the station, a $100 billion orbiting laboratory for medical, materials science and other research.

China, the only other country that has flown people in orbit, is not a partner in the project.

Russia charges NASA about $60 million per person for rides to the station, which flies about 240 miles (385 km) above Earth and is staffed by rotating crews of six astronauts from the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada.

Winning firms would have until May 2014 to complete their integrated designs, with the intention, if funding allows, to test fly their spaceships in orbit by the middle of the decade, Mango said.

Goals of the demonstration flight include reaching an altitude of at least 230 miles (370 kilometers), maneuvering in space and staying in orbit for at least three days, Mango said.

The test ships should be capable of carrying at least four people, he added.

Since 2010, NASA has invested a total of $365.5 million in private companies, including $130.9 million in Boeing, $125.6 million in Sierra Nevada Corp and $75 million in Space Exploration Technologies, or SpaceX.

Boeing is developing a capsule, called the CST-100, which would fly on an Atlas 5 rocket. SpaceX, already selected by NASA to fly cargo to the station, plans to upgrade its Dragon freighter and Falcon 9 rocket to fly crew as well.

Sierra Nevada is developing a winged vehicle called the Dream Chaser that resembles a miniature space shuttle. Like Boeing's spaceship, it too would launch aboard Atlas 5 rockets, which are manufactured and sold by United Launch Alliance, a Boeing-Lockheed Martin partnership.

NASA has $406 million to spend on commercial crew programs for the year that began Oct. 1. Mango said about 75 percent of that money is available for the next phase of the program, with awards expected in July or August.

Because of future funding uncertainties, NASA is asking its potential partners to propose how they would proceed with flat funding of $400 million a year after 2014, as well as how much they would need to get to a flight demonstration.

"If we have multiple partners, we think the most we might be able to give them in the long term might be something along the lines of $400 million per partner," Mango said.

NASA hopes to be able to fly its astronauts on commercial carriers by about 2017.

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Breast cancer claims Purdue astronaut Janice Voss, 55 - Journal and Courier

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Astronaut Janice E. Voss, a Purdue University graduate and one of the few women launched into space, died Monday in Scottsdale, Ariz., after a battle with breast cancer. She was 55.

Voss was part of five space shuttle missions, spending a total of 49 days in space, traveling 18.8 million miles in 779 Earth orbits, according to NASA.

She was Purdue's first female astronaut, receiving her bachelor's degree in engineering science in 1975.

Those at Purdue and fellow astronauts who knew Voss remembered her smile, joy of space and inspirational outlook.

Purdue President France C?rdova, former chief scientist for NASA, said she had been trying to talk Voss into joining Purdue as a teacher and researcher once she decided to leave the astronaut corps.

C?rdova, who joined Voss on several campus and Houston alumni events, said the astronaut always wore a brightly colored striped sweater, even when everyone else was dressed in dark suits.

"She was gentle, inquisitive and alert. She really cared about Purdue and valued her engineering education here," C?rdova said. "Her death came as a shock to us as we did not know about her cancer."

Voss became an astronaut in 1991, one of 23 Purdue graduates selected for space flight.

Her first spaceflight mission came in 1993. In 1995, she was part of a mission to the Mir space station. During her final mission in 2000, more than 47 million square miles of Earth's land surface was mapped.

Astronaut Jerry Ross, a Purdue graduate and space walker, said Voss was a good friend and an extremely talented person.

"She always had a pleasant smile and loved to tackle challenging problems. She was dedicated to our country's space program and equally dedicated to encouraging America's youth to pursue careers in the space program," he said in an email.

"Janice was very proud of her Indiana heritage and her Purdue University education. I will miss her friendship and her smile."

Angela Phillips Diaz, managing director of Purdue University's Global Policy Research Institute, worked at NASA previously and came to know Voss.

"She had a quiet style that was a powerful inspiration," Diaz said. "She shared at Christmastime how honored she was to be part of the final shuttle mission last year, and she found a special joy in sharing the wonder and excitement of space travel with students."

In the past few years Voss visited the West Lafayette campus a few times. Once was in 2009, when she added her papers and other mementos to Purdue Library's Barron Hilton Flight and Space Exploration Archives.

"I remember walking through Grissom Hall and being inspired by all of the people who came before me," Voss said during that visit.

John Norberg, author of Purdue history books, including "Wings of Their Dreams: Purdue in Flight," said the last time he talked with Voss they discussed aviator Amelia Earhart and the impact she had on Purdue students and others in the 1930s. Voss, he said, was inspiring to students, especially women to pursue their goals in engineering.

"Janice was the Amelia Earhart of her time," he said.

From 2004 to 2007, Voss was the science director for the Kepler spacecraft at NASA's Ames Research Center. Voss most recently served as the payloads lead of the Astronaut Office's Station Branch.

"As the payload commander of two space shuttle missions, Janice was responsible for paving the way for experiments that we now perform on a daily basis on the International Space Station," Peggy Whitson, chief of NASA's Astronaut Office, said in a statement.

During the 2007 dedication of Purdue's Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Voss said her relationship with Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, and the other astronauts was not affected by gender.

"It's just about being part of a great team and being good at what you do," she said.

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Méthode d'enregistrement magnétique pourrait accélérer les disques durs - l'ingénieur

Désolé, que je ne pouvais pas lire le contenu périodes cette page.

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Antarctic lake success 'uncertain' - BBC News

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7 February 2012 Last updated at 13:11 GMT Vostok is the largest of several bodies of water buried under the Antarctic ice It is not yet clear whether Russian scientists have succeeded in their quest to drill into Lake Vostok.

National media on Monday reported a breakthrough into the lake, the largest of more than 300 bodies of liquid water buried under Antarctica's ice.

But Valery Lukin, the Russian Antarctic programme director, has told Nature journal that the claim is premature.

He said data from a number of sensors monitoring the drilling had yet to be analysed.

"Only when I will have this I can say we penetrated [the lake]," Nature quoted him as saying. "We want to be sure we have really reached the surface of Lake Vostok."

Russian, British and US researchers are in a race to see who will be first to reach down into the waters of an Antarctic subglacial lake.

These bodies of water have been sealed off from the atmosphere for millions of years and so may contain life forms new to science.

The Russians have been leading the way with their drilling project in the east of the White Continent.

According to Russia's Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in St Petersburg, the team began drilling on 2 January and had been progressing by about 1.75m (5.7ft) per day.

On 12 January, the team halted activity to take measurements and to switch drills from a large ice-coring drill to a smaller thermal drill designed to melt through the final five to 10m (16 to 32ft) of ice.

Lake Vostok, which is about the same size as Lake Ontario, is buried beneath nearly 4km of ice. The lake itself is about the same age as the ice that covers it - 14 million years old.

The Russians have friendly competition from US and British teams. Researchers from the British Antarctic Survey (Bas) are hoping to begin their project to drill into Lake Ellsworth in Antarctica later this year. An American crew is targeting Lake Whillans.

Russian and US teams are targeting Lakes Vostok and Whillans respectively

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Conclusive PROOF of human activity causing glacier to VANISH - Register

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Captain Prat blagger cuffed with hot ice slung in cooler

By Lewis Page ? Get more from this author

Posted in Environment, 7th February 2012 13:17?GMT

Even the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has had to walk back on the idea that the world's glaciers will all be gone within decades due to human-caused carbon powered global warming: but news has now emerged showing that in at least one case human action has absolutely indisputably led to the disappearance of large chunks of glacier.

Chilean media reported last week that plods in Patagonia have arrested a man driving a refrigerated lorry loaded with more than five tonnes of ice allegedly stolen from the Jorge Montt glacier in the Bernardo O'Higgins national park. It's theorised that the frosty burglar intended to sell off his haul as designer ice cubes in the capital Santiago.

According to local news service Emol, Chilean prosecutors believe that the truck driver wasn't working alone: he was part of an organised ring of ice bandits headed by an unnamed kingpin residing in Santiago. The stolen lorry-load of glacier lumps is thought to have a street value of around 3 million pesos - approximately ￡4,000.

Reportedly the local forestry-bureau chief in the southerly Capitán Prat Province* filed a complaint with prosectuors over the glacier robberies last month, leading to the seizure of the hot ice by federal carabineros. The Chilean cops are mulling charges of "crimes against the national heritage" in addition to petty theft. ?

*The province is named after the Chilean naval hero Arturo Prat.

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How NASA Makes Those Incredible High-Res Images of Earth - Wired News

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Image: NASA/NOAA

In recent weeks, a pair of high-resolution images of the Earth has captivated the public. Taken by the Suomi NPP satellite, these pictures portray our planet’s incredible beauty with 8,000- by 8,000-pixel and 11,500- by 11,500-pixel detail.

How were these highly detailed images created? The satellite flies 512 miles above the Earth, but the images appear as if they were taken from a much higher perspective: an altitude of 1,242 for the first image and 7,918 miles for the second. This little trick was accomplished by stitching together data from several orbits, creating an image that appears to be “pulled back.”

NASA launched the 4,600-pound Suomi in October to remotely sense variations in the Earth’s oceans, continents, and atmosphere and get a better understanding of climate change. It passes directly from pole to pole 14 times a day, imaging 1,865-mile swaths of our planet with each trip.

On board Suomi, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument takes pictures in red, green, and blue wavelengths. For the whole-Earth images, those wavelengths were combined to create a natural color photograph. It is not an exact representation of what an observer sitting in space would see, because particles in the atmosphere scatter short wavelengths of light, and our planet would actually appear more blue-tinged. The photos more accurately portray how the oceans and continents appear from the ground.

Oceanographer Norman Kuring, who compiled the two pictures, said the original image, showing North and Central America, was made as a favor to project scientist James Gleason who was looking for an ocean color image to show in a presentation. Word got out of the striking picture and NASA officials released it on Jan. 25, resulting in 3 million people viewing it in one week.

With the popularity of this first image and requests from the public for another perspective, the agency produced a second image on Feb. 3 showing Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

The photos follow in the footsteps of NASA’s other great Earth images. The original Blue Marble — one of the most famous pictures of all time — was captured by the crew of Apollo 17 from a distance of 28,000 miles. Since 2002, the agency has stitched together up to 10,000 satellite images to produce other incredible detailed images. One of the most recent, from 2007, had a mind-boggling resolution of 86,400 pixels by 43,200 pixels.

Such pictures have proved time and time again to be among the most-viewed and best-loved NASA photos. What accounts for their enduring popularity?

“My guess is that people know that this is the only place we have to live. When they see an image showing these beautiful blues and greens, it speaks to them,” said Kuring. “This is our home.”

Adam is a Wired Science reporter and freelance journalist. He lives in Oakland, Ca near a lake and enjoys space, physics, and other sciency things.
Follow @adamspacemann on Twitter.

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